\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,every node/.style={anchor=south west,,inner sep=0,fill=white}]

        %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
        \node[] at (0,0)(table){
            \begin{tabular}{|C{2em}|C{2em}|C{2em}|C{2em}|}
                \hline
                2 & 4 & &\\ \hline
                 & 2 & 3 & 3 \\ \hline
                & & & \\ \hline
                 & 4 & & \\ \hline           
            \end{tabular}
       };
\node (m) at ([xshift=-8em,yshift=2em]table.north){(2)变换表:};
\node (a) at ([xshift=-5em,yshift=0.5em]table.north){a};
\node (b) at ([xshift=-2em,yshift=0.5em]table.north){b};
\node (c) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0.5em]table.north){c};
\node (d) at ([xshift=4.5em,yshift=0.5em]table.north){$\varepsilon$};
\node (e) at ([xshift=-1em,yshift=2em]table.west){1};
\node (f) at ([xshift=-1em,yshift=0.5em]table.west){2};
\node (g) at ([xshift=-1em,yshift=-1.25em]table.west){3};
\node (h) at ([xshift=-1em,yshift=-2.75em]table.west){4};
\node (e1) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=2em]table.east){+};
\node (f1) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=0.5em]table.east){+};
\node (g1) at ([xshift=0.75em,yshift=-1.25em]table.east){-};
\node (h) at ([xshift=0.75em,yshift=-2.75em]table.east){-};
\draw [red]  ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0.2em]table.east) arc[start angle=360,end angle=0,x radius=0.25,y radius=1.25];
\node(c1)[draw,rectangle callout,callout relative pointer={(-0.5,-0.5)},rounded corners,align=center] at ([xshift=8em,yshift=2em]table.north) {开始状态\\结束状态};
    \end{tikzpicture}